December 11, 2020; revised December 12, 2020 (#7 revised and #8 added)
 AntarÄbhava - Need to Understand the Terminology
 1. AntarÄbhava is not a concept in Buddha Dhamma. AntarÄbhava ("antara" + "bhava") means "in-between bhava." There are no such "gaps" between the two existences (bhava.) It was a heretical view that existed even before the formal emergence of MahÄyÄna.
Some current Theravadins have the misconception that the gandhabba state (mental body or manomaya kÄya) is the same as antarÄbhava, and thus needs to be rejected.
However, the gandhabba state encompasses the whole of the "human bhava," within which there are many rebirths with physical human bodies.
I will use two rebirth accounts to clarify the terminology and this hugely misunderstood issue.
Rebirth Account of Jeffrey Keene
2. Â General John Gordon died in the Civil War. He was reborn as Jeffrey Keene in recent years.
They are two "human bodies" that resulted from the same gandhabba (mental body or manomaya kÄya). Those two births (as General Gordon and Jeffrey Keene) are within the same "human bhava."
When General Gordon died, the mental body (gandhabba) came out of that dead body. Then, that gandhabba was in the "paraloka" waiting for a suitable womb.
Many years later, gandhabba was pulled into Jeffrey Keene's mother's womb, which is how he was born (jÄti) with that physical body.
Therefore, General Gordon and Jeffrey Keene are in the same "lifestream." They belong to the "same human bhava."
This clearly explains the position of the Buddha about rebirth. Jeffrey Keene is NOT the same as General Gordon. However, Jeffrey Keene's life is irrevocably connected to General Gordon's. Therefore, it is also NOT correct to say there is no connection between them.
It is the same HUMAN mental body (gandhabba) that was reborn (jÄti) with physical human bodies twice (as General Gordon and Jeffrey Kean).
3. A few more observations may be helpful.
Even though the physical bodies of General Gordon and Jeffrey Keene were remarkably close, that does not happen all the time. Parents' physical features (their DNA) also contribute to the physical features of any child.
There is a significant time gap between those two lives. It is possible that there could have been more births with physical bodies in between.
The time gap between successive lives can vary hugely. In some cases, there may be only days or months, but more typically, there are gaps of several years.
The gandhabba does not have the choice of "selecting a womb." When a zygote is created in the womb of a woman following sexual intercourse, a gandhabba matching the parents' general gati is pulled into the womb. See "Buddhist Explanations of Conception, Abortion, and Contraception."
Rebirth Account of James Leininger
4. The relevant points are noted below.
@ beginning: The narrator asks: "Could we come back as someone else"?
It is not "someone else" that comes back or is reborn. It is the same lifestream with a different appearance (physically.) Those successive births (jÄti) are within the same human bhava. In other words, it is the same "lifestream." See, "What Reincarnates? â Concept of a Lifestream."
@ 0.3 minutes: James Houston, Jr. was shot down over the Pacific Ocean on March 3, 1945. James Leininger was born some 60 years later and started talking about "getting shot by the Japanese."
@ 3:20 minutes: The narrator says, "Dead can be reborn."
That is not the right way to describe the situation. It is the same lifestream that is reborn with a different physical body!
@ 4 minutes: Usually, a child's memories of a previous life fade away around 7-8 years.
@ 5 minutes: James Leininger's account of getting shot.
@ 7:30 minutes: James Leininger provided the name of a friend from his previous life, Jack Larson, and correctly said that his plane took off from the ship "Natoma." This is STRONG evidence.
@ 8:20 minutes: He describes himself as James 3 because, in his previous life, he was James Houston, Jr (i.e., James 2).
@ 10:40 minutes: The dad, Bruce Leininger, says that he thinks his son returned because "he had something to finish."
No. We all come back. We can come back in human form and also in other forms corresponding to any of the 31 realms.
@ 10:55 minutes: Comments of Anne Barron, sister of James Houston, Jr.
@ 11:30 minutes: Comments of Prof. Kurtz, who does not believe in rebirth, says the account of James Leininger (a two-year-old) is made up. It is, of course, up to each person to make that decision. There are many more rebirth accounts and other types of evidence, such as Near-Death Experiences and Out-of-the Body Experiences; see "Evidence for Rebirth."
Are Those Successive Births in Different Bhava?
5. The above two accounts allow us to clarify the concepts of human bhava and human jÄti.
Those questioning the gandhabba state must answer the following questions: "Are James Houston and James Leininger in two different bhava?"
If they answer "yes," the following must be true: Between those two human bhava, that lifestream must have been in a different bhava, such as animal bhava or Devabhava.
The "AntarÄbhava" Issue Raised at the Third Buddhist Council Was a Different Issue
6. The concept of an antarÄbhava was discussed and rejected at the Third Buddhist Council. It is documented in the KathÄvatthu section of the Abhidhamma Piáčaka.
There was no discussion on gandhabba regarding that issue. I will discuss that in detail in the next post, "AntarÄbhava Discussion in KathÄvatthu â Not Relevant to Gandhabba."
Therefore, it is a critical error to identify the gandhabba state as an antarÄbhava. Rather, the gandhabba state encompasses a whole human bhava.
Insights on "Self" and "No-Self" Issue
7. This is also a good opportunity to get insights into the "Self" and "No-Self" Issues.
Is James Leininger the SAME as James Houston? Of course not. They lived very different lives and did not look the same either. Is Jeffrey Keene the same as General Gordon in #2 above? Even though there were some physical resemblances, they were very different and lived different lives. As we can see clearly, the physical bodies of those two individuals are entirely different. James Houston's physical body had disintegrated a long time ago. At some point in the future, that "lifestream" may be born a Deva, Brahma, animal, etc. No ESSENCE propagates from life to life, especially from bhava-to-bhava. A Devabhava is vastly different from a human bhava or animal bhava. That is why the Buddha rejected the idea of an unchanging "self" or "soul."
However, there is obviously a STRONG CONNECTION between the two lives in each of those cases. There would be no James Leininger if there were no James Houston. James Leininger is a descendant of that same "lifestream." As we can see clearly, the physical bodies of those two individuals are entirely different. James Houston's physical body had disintegrated a long time ago. However, there is an UNBROKEN connection in the mental body. In fact, James Leininger must have inherited SOME of the mental characteristics-- such as anusaya -- of James Houston (there would have been some changes in the intervening time.) Thus, the Buddha rejected the idea of "no-self" as well.As long as the saáčsÄric process exists, an unbroken (mental) lineage exists between any two stages within that lifestream.
Nothing In This World is Worthwhile to be Taken as "Mine"
8. The real issue is whether there is anything in this world that is worthwhile to be "taken to be mine." Immoral actions with such vision/perception can create kammic energies leading to "bad bhava," such as animal bhava. That is what we need to be concerned with. That is what the Buddha stated in his very first discourse, "saáčkhittena pañcuÂpÄdÄÂnakÂkhanÂdhÄ dukkhÄ" OR "in brief, the origin of suffering is the craving for the five aggregates of rĆ«pa, vedanÄ, saññÄ, saáč khÄra, viññÄna (pancupÄdÄnakkhandha)."
Even though human bhava is much longer than 100 years, living beings spend most of their time in other existences (bhava) with unimaginable suffering because of not seeing that "big picture" of the long rebirth process that spans not only human bhava but much worse bhava.
When the human bhava ends and a "badbhava" (for example, an animal bhava) is grasped, that animal is NOT the preceding human. But it has a "cause and effect connection" to the previous human bhava. When in animal bhava, for example, that animal cannot even think about these issues; but it still has the perception of "me and mine." But that animal is totally helpless. That is anatta nature! This is the outcome of having the wrong view of "âThis is mine, I am this, this is my self.ââ That is the meaning of the PÄli verse, Â "etaáč mama, esohamasmi, eso me attÄââ ti.
That change of bhava happens at thecuti-paáčisandhi moment, at the end of the human bhava. There could be many "deaths" of human bodies before that. For example, General Gordon and Jeffrey Keene in #2 above were just two births (jÄti) within a single human existence (bhava.) That is the difference between bhava and jÄti in this context. See "Bhava and JÄti â States of Existence and Births Therein."
These are complex issues. The key is to get some traction, and then it will become easier.
11 de dezembro de 2020; revisado em 12 de dezembro de 2020 (revisĂŁo do nÂș 7 e adição do nÂș 8)
 AntarÄbhava â Necessidade de compreender a terminologia
No entanto, o estado de Gandhabba abrange a totalidade do âBhava humanoâ, dentro do qual hĂĄ muitos renascimentos com corpos fĂsicos humanos.
Usarei dois relatos de renascimento para esclarecer a terminologia e essa questĂŁo extremamente mal compreendida.
Relato de renascimento de Jeffrey Keene
2. O general John Gordon morreu na Guerra Civil. Ele renasceu como Jeffrey Keene nos Ășltimos anos.
SĂŁo dois âcorpos humanosâ que resultaram do mesmo Gandhabba (corpo mental ou manomaya KÄya). Esses dois nascimentos (como General Gordon e Jeffrey Keene) estĂŁo dentro do mesmo âBhava humanoâ.
Quando o General Gordon morreu, o corpo mental (Gandhabba) saiu daquele corpo morto. Em seguida, esse Gandhabba ficou no âparalokaâ Ă espera de um Ăștero adequado.
Muitos anos depois, o Gandhabba foi atraĂdo para o Ăștero da mĂŁe de Jeffrey Keene, e foi assim que ele nasceu (JÄti) com aquele corpo fĂsico.
Portanto, o General Gordon e Jeffrey Keene estĂŁo no mesmo âfluxo de vidaâ. Eles pertencem ao âmesmo Bhava humanoâ.
HĂĄ um intervalo de tempo significativo entre essas duas vidas. Ă possĂvel que tenha havido mais nascimentos com corpos fĂsicos nesse intervalo.
O intervalo de tempo entre vidas sucessivas pode variar enormemente. Em alguns casos, pode haver apenas dias ou meses, mas, mais comumente, hĂĄ intervalos de vĂĄrios anos.
@ 0,3 minutos: James Houston Jr. foi abatido sobre o Oceano PacĂfico em 3 de março de 1945. James Leininger nasceu cerca de 60 anos depois e começou a falar sobre âter sido baleado pelos japonesesâ.
@ 3:20 minutos: O narrador diz: âOs mortos podem renascerâ.
Esses nascimentos sucessivos ocorrem em diferentes Bhava?
5. Os dois relatos acima nos permitem esclarecer os conceitos de Bhava humano e JÄti humano.
Aqueles que questionam o estado de Gandhabba devem responder Ă s seguintes perguntas: âJames Houston e James Leininger estĂŁo em dois Bhava diferentes?â
Se responderem âsimâ, o seguinte deve ser verdade: entre esses dois Bhava humanos, essa corrente de vida deve ter estado em um Bhava diferente, como o Bhava animal ou o BhavaDeva.
A questĂŁo do âAntarÄbhavaâ levantada no Terceiro ConcĂlio Buddhista era uma questĂŁo diferente
6. O conceito de antarÄbhava foi discutido e rejeitado no Terceiro ConcĂlio Buddhista. Isso estĂĄ documentado na seção KathÄvatthu do Abhidhamma Piáčaka.
NĂŁo houve discussĂŁo sobre Gandhabba em relação a essa questĂŁo. Discutirei isso em detalhes no prĂłximo ensaio, âDiscussĂŁo sobre AntarÄbhava em KathÄvatthu â NĂŁo Relevante para Gandhabbaâ.
Embora o Bhava humano seja muito mais longo do que 100 anos, os seres vivos passam a maior parte do tempo em outras existĂȘncias (Bhava) com sofrimento inimaginĂĄvel por nĂŁo enxergarem esse âquadro geralâ do longo processo de Renascimento que abrange nĂŁo apenas o Bhava humano, mas Bhavas muito piores.